Abram T. Collier established the five sets of values for the guidance of a manager to develop them in himself.
The “A” Values
Self teaching
The virtues of hard work
Self realization
Personal responsibility
Search for justice and honor
The “B” Values
Organizational skills
Sales techniques
Administrative genius
Communication power
Integration of mental and physical health
The “C” Values
Professional training
Desire for facts
Legal realism
Historical objectivity
The “D” Values
People centered teaching
Customer oriented selling
Service
Participative management
Self transcendence
The “E” Values
The capacity to adapt to change
Ability to integrate viewpoints
The power to go beyond the above four value structures
Reference:
Abram T. Collier, Management, Man and Values, Harper & Row, New York, 1962, pp. 226-227
Values - The Concept
Schwartz and Bilsky (1987): "Values are a) concepts or beliefs, b) about desirable end states or behaviours, c) that transcend specific situations, d) guide selection or evaluation of behaviour or events, and e) are ordered by relative importance." (Cited in Agle and Caldwell, 1999: 359).
Jacob et al. (1962). As cited in Harrison (1975: 117), values are: "…the normative standards by which human beings are influenced in their choice among the alternative courses of action they perceive." (Jacob et al., 1962: 10)
Giacomino et al. (2000) discuss the influence of personal values on business behaviour. Values are particularly important because “They determine, regulate, and modify relations between individuals, organisations, institutions, and societies” (Agle and Caldwell, 1999: 327).
Kahle et al. link personal values and social values very closely, claiming that “Values are…integrally connected to social change” and that “…values are individual representations of societal goals. As elusive societal goals change, individuals’ values will sometimes lead and sometimes reflect this change.” (Kahle et al., 1998: 35).
Macchiette and Roy also connect personal and social values, referring to “…the 1990s…[having]…witnessed some major changes in consumer attitudes…and product-related values that reflect the heightened influence of social issues in the American marketplace.” (Macchiette and Roy, 1994: 55)
Ud 10.5.2022, 25.3.2012
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