17 October Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

1855 - Steel making patent to Bessemer.

Birthdays

1869 - Robert woodworth (psychology - Learning)

http://todayinsci.com/10/10_17.htm


2011
News
Sodium chloride can increase data recording density of hard discs.
Discovery by the scientists at Agency for Science Technology and Research, the National University of Singapore, and Data Research Institute


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18 October Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

1878 - Household electicity made available by Edison.

1898 - Application for flotation process to separate ore.


Birthdays

1787 - Robert Livingston stevens (Inventor - T rail)

1919 - George E.P. Box (Statistics)


http://todayinsci.com/10/10_18.htm



2011
News
Scientists at Stanford University, USA developed amorphous diamond.

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21 October Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

Birthdays


Georg Ernst Stahl 1660 - German physician and chemist. He came out with the phlogiston theory of combustion. He also explained related biological processes such as respiration, fermentation, and decay with the theory. Combustible objects, he said, were rich in phlogiston, and during combustion is lost.

William Shippen Jr. 1736
Henry Miller Shreve 1785
George Combe 1788
Enrico Betti 1823
Hermann Hellriegel 1831
Alfred Bernhard Nobel 1833
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/nobel_alfred.shtml

Oswald Avery 1877
William A. Mitchell 1911

Samuel W. Alderson, 1914
American physicist and engineer who invented the crash-test dummy used to test the safety of cars, parachutes and other devices.

http://todayinsci.com/10/10_21.htm


Engineering History

1824

Portland cement was patented by Joseph Aspdin, a stone mason in Yorkshire, England (UK patent No. 5022). He made it by burning finely pulverized lime and clay at high temperatures in kilns and grinding the mixture into a powder. This hydraulic cement would then harden with the addition of water.  He named his invention “Portland cement” as it resembled the high quality building  stone quarried on the Isle of Portland off the British coast.

http://www.k-grayengineeringeducation.com/blog/index.php/2010/10/21/engineering-education-today-in-history-blog-portland-cement-patented/

About portland cement
http://www.cement.org/basics/concretebasics_history.asp

Cements patents of Thomas Edison
http://edison.rutgers.edu/cemepats.htm


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22 October Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

Birthdays

Constantine Samuel Rafinesque 1783
Stephen Moulton Babcock 1843
 Frederick William Twort 1877
Clinton Joseph Davisson 1881
Charles Glen King 1896


Frank Harold Spedding, 1902
American chemist who, during the 1940s and '50s, developed processes for reducing individual rare-earth elements to the metallic state at low cost, thereby making these substances available to industry at reasonable prices


George Beadle 1903
Karl Jansky 1905


http://todayinsci.com/10/10_22.htm


Events


1797, the first parachute jump was made by André-Jacques Garnerin, released from a balloon 2,230-ft above the Parc Monceau, Paris.
1872, Thomas A. Edison was issued patents for an improvement in "Paper for Chemical Telegraphs" and for an improved "Apparatus for Perforating Paper for Telegraph Use" (U.S. Nos.132455, -6).
1878, Thomas A. Edison was issued a patent for "Quadruplex-Telegraph Repeaters" (U.S. No. 209,241).
1879  Edison's long series of experiments testing materials for suitability as an electric light filament reached a turning point.
1906, Henry Ford became President of Ford Motor Company.
1912, Thomas A. Edison was issued patents for a "Conveyor" related to a cement kiln, and for a "Phonograph-Stylus" formed of crystallized boron


1938 Xerography demonstrated
   http://www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/xerography.htm
   http://www.xerox.com/downloads/usa/en/innovation/innovation_storyofxerography.pdf
   Chester Carlson http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200310/history.cfm
   Surface Science of Xerography - http://144.206.159.178/ft/976/52192/915992.pdf
   Chester Carlson and the Development of Xerography - Google book link
    http://books.google.co.in/books/about/Chester_Carlson_and_the_Development_of_X.html?id=kr6zPkUPswIC&redir_esc=y

1981  FDA Aspartame table-top approval
1938 Xerography demonstrated

http://todayinsci.com/10/10_22.htm#event


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23 October Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

Birthday
Edwin Garrigues Boring, 1886
was an American psychologist who was first recognized for his experimental work but later known as a historian of psychology.


http://todayinsci.com/10/10_23.htm



Earth was created on 23rd October 4004 BC - A conclusion by an Archbishop

4004 BC, according to biblical interpretation by church leaders in 1650, the Earth was supposed to have been created.

BISHOP USSHER DATES THE WORLD: 4004 BC
http://www.lhup.edu/~dsimanek/ussher.htm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Ussher
http://www.godandscience.org/youngearth/age_of_the_earth.html
http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/scopes/ussher.html

1803, John Dalton presented an essay an essay on the absorption of gases by water, at the conclusion of which he gave a series of atomic weights for 21 simple and compound elements.

1814  The first modern plastic surgery was performed at the Duke of York's Hospital, Chelsea, England. The surgeon, Joseph Carpue developed the procedure based on letter by a British surgeon, Lucas, in Oct 1794 in the Gentleman's Magazine. Lucas described in that letter, a successful procedure performed in India whereby a forehead flap was used to reconstruct a man's mutilated nose. (Hindu texts, up to 2600 years ago, have described various reconstruction techniques.)

1819 The first boat passed through the Erie canal.

1947 The first American husband and wife team to win a Nobel Prize, Carl and Gerty Cori (née Radnitz) of Washington University Medical School, were awarded the Physiology or Medicine Prize for “the discovery on how glycogen is converted to glucose in the body, and for the effects of hypophysis hormones on sugar metabolism.”

1977 American paleontologist Elso S. Barghoorn of Harvard announced the discovery of Pre-Cambian spherical one-celled algae microfossils (named Eobacterium) 3.4 billion years old, earth's earliest life forms

http://todayinsci.com/10/10_23.htm#event


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24 October Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

Birthday

Nathaniel Convers Wyeth, 1911
was an American chemist and inventor who created the PET plastic beverage bottle. His patent was used by  Du Pont for the “Biaxially Oriented Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) Bottle”
http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2012/10/oct-24-1911-birth-of-an-inventive-wyeth/

1932 Stephen Covey




1836, Alonzo Dwight Phillips of Springfield, Massachusetts, received the first U.S. patent for the phosphorous friction safety match (No. 68).

1851, William Lassell discovered Ariel and Umbriel, satellites of Uranus.

1861, the first transcontinental telegraph message was sent by Justice Stephen J. Field of California to President Abraham Lincoln, on the same day the first transcontinental telegraph system was completed.

In 1876, a U.S. patent was issued for the metal case of a one-day back-winding alarm clock to the Seth E. Thomas of New York City, NY (No. 183,725), being the first American patent for an alarm clock of this familiar type.

In 1939, nylon stockings went on sale in the U.S. for the first time to employees at DuPont's Wilmington, Delaware nylon factory.

http://todayinsci.com/10/10_24.htm#event


Knowledge History - Resources


A Brief History of Knowledge: From 3000 BC to 2001 AD - Piero Scaruffi
http://www.scaruffi.com/know/history.html


http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/0/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/0/

http://hbswk.hbs.edu/topics/businesshistory.html

The Globalization of Knowledge
http://www.edition-open-access.de/studies/1/index.html

http://www.nwlink.com/~donclark/history_knowledge/knowledgegraph.html


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25 October Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

Birthday



John North Willys, 1873
American automotive industrialist.  In 1912-18, Willys_overland's output ranked second only to Ford. He reorganized the faltering Overland Company in Indianapolis in 1907. He expanded the Willys-Overland plant into a larger factory in Toledo, Ohio. During WW I, Willys-Overland became a major producer of trucks, airplanes and airplane engines. In later days,  the Willys-Overland company pioneered the WW II Jeep, a rugged off-road vehicle. In 1970, the company was bought by American Motors Corporation.


William Higinbotham, 1910
American physicist who invented the first video game, Tennis for Two, as entertainment for the 1958 visitor day at Brookhaven National Laboratory



Henry Norris Russell, 1877
American astronomer and astrophysicist who showed the relationship between a star's brightness and its spectral type, in what is usually called the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram



http://todayinsci.com/10/10_25.htm


1671, Giovanni Cassini discovered Iapetus, one of Saturn's moons.

1881, Leslie L. Curtis of Cape Elizabeth, Maine, patented an air brush painting device. His patent No. 248,579 describes an "Atomizer for Coloring Pictures."

1955, the first domestic microwave oven was sold by Tappan.
http://www.wired.com/thisdayintech/2010/10/1025home-microwave-ovens/

1960, the Accutron 214, the world's first electronic wristwatch by Bulova, was placed on sale in New York City.

1990, the first transplant operation of a lung from a live donor to a recipient is performed by Dr. Vaughn A. Starnes, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California.

http://todayinsci.com/10/10_25.htm#event

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