Showing posts with label Marketing management. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Marketing management. Show all posts

Monday, March 28, 2016

Marketing Management, 14th Edition, Philip Kotler - Book Information, Review, Concept and Chapter Summaries



Marketing Management - Kotler and Keller 15th Edition - Book Information - Chapter Summaries

http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2016/03/marketing-management-kotler-and-keller.html

Book

Marketing Management

14th Edition, 2012

Authors: Philip Kotler and Kevin Keller


Publisher: Pearson Education

New Features of the Marketing Management 14th Edition



Marketing Insight and Marketing Memo Boxes. Throughout this text, the Marketing Insight and Marketing Memo boxes provide in-depth conceptual and practical commentary.

New  in-text boxes: Half are new in this edition. Using actual companies and situations, these boxes cover a variety of products, services, and markets.
Marketing in Action Mini-cases:  The end-of-chapter sections now include two Marketing in Action mini-cases that highlight innovative, insightful marketing accomplishments from leading organizations.

Today’s economic, environmental, and technological changes in marketing: Throughout the new edition, these three areas are addressed with emphasis on marketing during economic downturns and recessions, the rise of sustainability and green marketing, and the increased development of computing power, the Internet, and mobile phones.

_____________________________________________________________________________

Table of Contents


Table of Contents

Part 1: Understanding Marketing Management
Chapter 1. Defining Marketing for the 21st Century
Chapter 2. Developing Marketing Strategies and Plans
Part 2: Capturing Marketing Insights
Chapter 3. Gathering Information and Scanning the Environment
Chapter 4. Conducting Marketing Research and Forecasting on Demand
Part 3: Connecting with Customers
Chapter 5. Creating Long-term Loyalty Relationships
Chapter 6. Analyzing Consumer Markets
Chapter 7. Analyzing Business Markets
Chapter 8. Identifying Market Segments and Targets
Part 4: Building Strong Brands
Chapter 9. Creating Brand Equity
Chapter 10. Crafting the Brand Position
Chapter 11. Competitive Dynamics
Part 5: Shaping the Market
Chapter 12. Setting Product Strategy
Chapter 13. Designing and Managing Services
Chapter 14. Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs
Part 6: Delivering Value
Chapter 15. Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing
Chapter 16. Managing Retailing, Wholesaling, and Logistics
Part 7: Communicating Value
Chapter 17. Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Communications
Chapter 18. Managing Mass Communications: Advertising, Sales Promotions, Events and Experiences, and Public Relations
Chapter 19. Managing Personal Communications: Direct and Interactive Marketing, Word of Mouth, and Personal Selling
Part 8: Creating Successful Long-Term Growth
Chapter 20. Introducing New Marketing Offerings
Chapter 21. Tapping into Global Markets
Chapter 22. Managing a Holistic Marketing Organization





__________________________________________________________________________

Video Interview by Philip Kotler
 one hour 31 minutes
____________


____________

Detailed Table of Contents
(Links are for articles - chapter summaries and concept explanations.)



Part 1. Understanding Marketing Management, 2

Chapter 1. Defining Marketing for the 21st Century, 2

The Importance of Marketing, 3
The Scope of Marketing, 5
What Is Marketing?, 5
What Is Marketed?, 5
Who Markets?, 7
Core Marketing Concepts, 9
Needs, Wants, and Demands, 9
Target Markets, Positioning, and Segmentation, 10
Offerings and Brands, 10
Value and Satisfaction, 10
Marketing Channels, 11
Supply Chain, 11
Competition, 11
Marketing Environment, 11
The New Marketing Realities, 12
Major Societal Forces, 12
New Company Capabilities, 14
Marketing in Practice, 15
Marketing Insight: Marketing in an Age of Turbulence, 16
Company Orientation toward the Marketplace, 17
The Production Concept, 18
The Product Concept, 18
The Selling Concept, 18
The Marketing Concept, 18
The Holistic Marketing Concept, 18
Marketing Memo: Marketing Right and Wrong, 19
Relationship Marketing, 20
Integrated Marketing, 20
Internal Marketing, 21
Performance Marketing, 22
The New Four Ps, 25
Marketing Management Tasks, 26
Developing Marketing Strategies and Plans, 26
Capturing Marketing Insights, 26
Marketing Memo: Marketers’ Frequently Asked Questions, 26
Connecting with Customers, 27
Building Strong Brands, 27
Shaping the Market Offerings, 27
Delivering Value, 27
Communicating Value, 27
Creating Successful Long-Term Growth, 27
Summary, 28
Applications, 28

Marketing Concept - Kotler - A Popular article explaining the marketing concept developed by Kotler in a concise manner

Addiontal Material covered in the 14th Edition - Summary
Philip Kotler - Keller Definition and Explanation of Marketing Management for 21st Century - 14th Edition

Chapter 2. Developing Marketing Strategies and Plans, 32

Marketing and Customer Value, 33
The Value Delivery Process, 33
The Value Chain, 34
Core Competencies, 35
A Holistic Marketing Orientation and Customer Value, 36
The Central Role of Strategic Planning, 36
Corporate and Division Strategic Planning, 37
Defining the Corporate Mission, 38
Establishing Strategic Business Units, 39
Assigning Resources to Each SBU, 42
Assessing Growth Opportunities, 42
Organization and Organizational Culture, 45
Marketing Innovation, 45
Marketing Insight: Creating Innovative Marketing, 46
Business Unit Strategic Planning, 47
The Business Mission, 48
SWOT Analysis, 48
Goal Formulation, 50
Strategic Formulation, 50
Marketing Memo: Checklist for Performing Strengths/Weaknesses Analysis, 52
Program Formulation and Implementation, 53
Feedback and Control, 53
Product Planning: The Nature and Contents of a Marketing Plan, 54
Marketing Memo: Marketing Plan Criteria, 55
The Role of Research, 55
The Role of Relationships, 55
From Marketing Plan to Marketing Action, 55
Summary, 56
Applications, 56
Sample Marketing Plan: Pegasus Sports International, 60

Part 2. Capturing Marketing Insights, 66

Chapter 3. Collecting Information and Forecasting Demand, 66

Components of a Modern Marketing Information System, 67
Internal Records, 70
The Order-to-Payment Cycle, 70
Sales Information Systems, 70
Databases, Data Warehousing, and Data Mining, 71
Marketing Intelligence, 71
The Marketing Intelligence System, 71
Collecting Marketing Intelligence on the Internet, 72
Communicating and Acting on Marketing Intelligence, 73
Analyzing the Macroenvironment, 74
Needs and Trends, 74
Identifying the Major Forces, 74
The Demographic Environment, 75
Marketing Insight: Finding Gold at the Bottom of the Pyramid, 76
The Economic Environment, 77
The Sociocultural Environment, 78
The Natural Environment, 80
The Technological Environment, 81
Marketing Insight: The Green Marketing Revolution, 82
The Political-Legal Environment, 84
Forecasting and Demand Measurement, 85
The Measures of Market Demand, 85
A Vocabulary for Demand Measurement, 86
Estimating Current Demand, 88
Estimating Future Demand, 90
Summary, 92
Applications, 92

Chapter 4. Conducting Marketing Research, 96

The Marketing Research System, 97
The Marketing Research Process, 99
Step 1: Define the Problem, the Decision Alternatives, and the Research Objectives, 99
Step 2: Develop the Research Plan, 100
Marketing Memo: Conducting Informative Focus Groups, 102
Marketing Memo: Questionnaire Dos and Don’ts, 104
Marketing Insight: Getting into the Heads of Consumers, 106
Marketing Insight: Understanding Brain Science, 108
Step 3: Collect the Information, 110
Step 4: Analyze the Information, 111
Step 5: Present the Findings, 111
Step 6: Make the Decision, 111
Marketing Insight: Bringing Marketing Research to Life with Personas, 112
Overcoming Barriers to the Use of Marketing Research, 112
Measuring Marketing Productivity, 114
Marketing Metrics, 114
Marketing-Mix Modeling, 116
Marketing Dashboards, 116
Marketing Insight: Marketing Dashboards to Improve Effectiveness and Efficiency, 117
Summary, 118
Applications, 119

Part 3. Connecting with Customers, 122

Chapter 5. Creating Long-term Loyalty Relationships, 122

Building Customer Value, Satisfaction, and Loyalty, 123
Customer Perceived Value, 124
Total Customer Satisfaction, 128
Monitoring Satisfaction, 128
Marketing Insight: Net Promoter and Customer Satisfaction, 129
Product and Service Quality, 131
Maximizing Customer Lifetime Value, 132
Marketing Memo: Marketing and Total Quality, 132
Customer Profitability, 133
Measuring Customer Lifetime Value, 134
Cultivating Customer Relationships, 134
Marketing Memo: Calculating Customer Lifetime Value, 134
Customer Relationship Management, 135
Attracting and Retaining Customers, 139
Building Loyalty, 141
Win-Backs, 143
Customer Databases and Database Marketing, 143
Customer Databases, 143
Data Warehouses and Data Mining, 143
The Downside of Database Marketing and CRM, 145
Marketing Insight: The Behavioral Targeting Controversy, 146
Summary, 147
Applications, 147

Chapter 6. Analyzing Consumer Markets, 150

What Influences Consumer Behavior?, 151
Cultural Factors, 151
Social Factors, 153
Marketing Memo: The Average U.S. Consumer Quiz, 155
Personal Factors, 155
Key Psychological Processes, 160
Motivation: Freud, Maslow, Herzberg, 160
Perception, 161
Learning, 163
Emotions, 163
Memory, 163
Marketing Insight: Made to Stick, 165
The Buying Decision Process: The Five-Stage Model, 166
Problem Recognition, 167
Evaluation of Alternatives, 168
Purchase Decision, 170
Postpurchase Behavior, 172
Moderating Effects on Consumer Decision Making, 173
Behavioral Decision Theory and Behavioral Economics, 174
Decision Heuristics, 174
Marketing Insight: Predictably Irrational, 176
Framing, 177
Summary, 177
Applications, 178

Chapter 7. Analyzing Business Markets, 182

What Is Organizational Buying?, 183
The Business Market versus the Consumer Market, 183
Buying Situations, 185
Systems Buying and Selling, 187
Participants in the Business Buying Process, 188
The Buying Center, 188
Buying Center Influences, 189
Targeting Firms and Buying Centers, 190
Marketing Insight: Big Sales to Small Businesses, 191
The Purchasing/Procurement Process, 193
Stages in the Buying Process, 195
Problem Recognition, 196
General Need Description and Product Specification, 196
Supplier Search, 196
Proposal Solicitation, 198
Supplier Selection, 198
Marketing Memo: Developing Compelling Customer Value Propositions, 199
Order-Routine Specification, 201
Performance Review, 201
Managing Business-to-Business Customer Relationships, 201
The Benefits of Vertical Coordination, 202
Marketing Insight: Establishing Corporate Trust, Credibility, and Reputation, 203
Business Relationships: Risks and Opportunism, 203
New Technology and Business Customers, 204
Institutional and Government Markets, 205
Summary, 207
Applications, 208

Chapter 8. Identifying Market Segments and Targets, 212

Bases for Segmenting Consumer Markets, 214
Geographic Segmentation, 214
Demographic Segmentation, 216
Marketing Insight: Trading Up, Down, and Over, 218
Psychographic Segmentation, 225
Behavioral Segmentation, 227
Bases for Segmenting Business Markets, 230
Market Targeting, 231
Effective Segmentation Criteria, 231
Evaluating and Selecting the Market Segments, 232
Marketing Insight: Chasing the Long Tail, 235
Summary, 236
Applications, 237

Part 4. Building Strong Brands, 240

Chapter 9. Creating Brand Equity, 240

What Is Brand Equity?, 241
The Role of Brands, 242
The Scope of Branding, 243
Defining Brand Equity, 243
Brand Equity Models, 245
Marketing Insight: Brand Bubble Trouble, 248
Building Brand Equity, 249
Choosing Brand Elements, 250
Designing Holistic Marketing Activities, 251
Leveraging Secondary Associations, 252
Internal Branding, 253
Brand Communities, 253
Measuring Brand Equity, 255
Marketing Insight: The Brand Value Chain, 255
Marketing Insight: What Is a Brand Worth?, 257
Managing Brand Equity, 258
Brand Reinforcement, 258
Brand Revitalization, 259
Devising a Branding Strategy, 260
Branding Decisions, 261
Brand Portfolios, 262
Brand Extensions, 263
Customer Equity, 267
Marketing Memo: Twenty-First-Century Branding, 267
Summary, 268
Applications, 269

Chapter 10. Crafting the Brand Positioning, 274

Developing and Establishing a Brand Positioning, 275
Determining a Competitive Frame of Reference, 276
Marketing Insight: High Growth Through Value Innovation, 278
Identifying Optimal Points-of-Difference and Points-of-Parity, 280
Choosing POPs and PODs, 283
Brand Mantras, 284
Establishing Brand Positioning, 286
Marketing Memo: Constructing a Brand Positioning Bull’s-eye, 287
Differentiation Strategies, 289
Alternative Approaches to Positioning, 291
Positioning and Branding a Small Business, 293
Summary, 294
Applications, 294

Chapter 11. Competitive Dynamics, 298

Competitive Strategies for Market Leaders, 299
Marketing Insight: When Your Competitor Delivers More for Less, 300
Expanding Total Market Demand, 301
Protecting Market Share, 302
Increasing Market Share, 304
Other Competitive Strategies, 305
Market-Challenger Strategies, 305
Market-Follower Strategies, 307
Market-Nicher Strategies, 308
Marketing Memo: Niche Specialist Roles, 309
Product Life-Cycle Marketing Strategies, 310
Product Life Cycles, 310
Style, Fashion, and Fad Life Cycles, 311
Marketing Strategies: Introduction Stage and the Pioneer Advantage, 312
Marketing Strategies: Growth Stage, 313
Marketing Strategies: Maturity Stage, 313
Marketing Strategies: Decline Stage, 315
Marketing Insight: Managing a Brand Crisis, 316
Evidence for the Product Life-Cycle Concept, 316
Critique of the Product Life-Cycle Concept, 317
Market Evolution, 317
Marketing in an Economic Downturn, 318
Explore the Upside of Increasing Investment, 318
Get Closer to Customers, 318
Review Budget Allocations, 319
Put Forth the Most Compelling Value Proposition, 319
Fine-tune Brand and Product Offerings, 320
Summary, 320
Applications, 321

Part 5. Shaping the Market Offerings, 324

Chapter 12. Setting Product Strategy, 324

Product Characteristics and Classifications, 325
Product Levels: The Customer-Value Hierarchy, 326
Product Classifications, 327
Product and Services Differentiation, 328
Product Differentiation, 329
Services Differentiation, 330
Design, 332
Product and Brand Relationships, 333
Marketing Insight: Marketing Luxury Brands, 334
The Product Hierarchy, 336
Product Systems and Mixes, 336
Product Line Analysis, 337
Product Line Length, 337
Marketing Insight: When Less Is More, 339
Product Mix Pricing, 342
Co-Branding and Ingredient Branding, 344
Marketing Memo: Product-Bundle Pricing Considerations, 344
Packaging, Labeling, Warranties, and Guarantees, 346
Packaging, 346
Labeling, 348
Warranties and Guarantees, 349
Summary, 349
Applications, 350

Chapter 13. Designing and Managing Services, 354

The Nature of Services, 355
Service Industries Are Everywhere, 356
Categories of Service Mix, 356
Distinctive Characteristics of Services, 358
The New Services Realities, 361
A Shifting Customer Relationship, 362
Achieving Excellence in Services Marketing, 365
Marketing Excellence, 365
Best Practices of Top Service Companies, 366
Differentiating Services, 368
Marketing Insight: Improving Company Call Centers, 369
Managing Service Quality, 370
Marketing Memo: Recommendations for Improving Service Quality, 372
Managing Customer Expectations, 373
Incorporating Self-Service Technologies(SSTs), 375
Managing Product-Support Services, 375
Identifying and Satisfying Customer Needs, 376
Marketing Memo: Assessing E-Service Quality, 376
Postsale Service Strategy, 377
Summary, 378
Applications, 378

Chapter 14. Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs, 382

Understanding Pricing, 383
A Changing Pricing Environment, 384
Marketing Insight: Giving It All Away, 384
How Companies Price, 386
Consumer Psychology and Pricing, 386
Setting the Price, 389
Step 1: Selecting the Pricing Objective, 389
Step 2: Determining Demand, 390
Step 3: Estimating Costs, 392
Step 4: Analyzing Competitors’ Costs, Prices, and Offers, 395
Step 5: Selecting a Pricing Method, 395
Step 6: Selecting the Final Price, 402
Marketing Insight: Stealth Price Increases, 403
Adapting the Price, 403
Geographical Pricing (Cash, Countertrade, Barter), 404
Price Discounts and Allowances, 404
Promotional Pricing, 405
Differentiated Pricing, 406
Initiating and Responding to Price Changes, 407
Initiating Price Cuts, 407
Initiating Price Increases, 408
Responding to Competitors’ Price Changes, 409
Summary, 410
Applications, 410

Part 6. Delivering Value, 414

Chapter 15. Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels, 414

Marketing Channels and Value Networks, 415
The Importance of Channels, 416
Hybrid Channels and Multichannel Marketing, 416
Value Networks, 417
The Role of Marketing Channels, 418
Channel Functions and Flows, 418
Channel Levels, 420
Service Sector Channels, 421
Channel-Design Decisions, 422
Analyzing Customer Needs and Wants, 422
Establishing Objectives and Constraints, 423
Identifying Major Channel Alternatives, 424
Evaluating Major Channel Alternatives, 426
Channel-Management Decisions, 427
Selecting Channel Members, 427
Training and Motivating Channel Members, 428
Evaluating Channel Members, 429
Modifying Channel Design and Arrangements, 429
Channel Modification Decisions, 429
Global Channel Considerations, 430
Channel Integration and Systems, 431
Vertical Marketing Systems, 431
Marketing Insight: Channel Stewards Take Charge, 432
Horizontal Marketing Systems, 433
Integrating Multichannel Marketing Systems, 433
Conflict, Cooperation, and Competition, 435
Types of Conflict and Competition, 435
Causes of Channel Conflict, 436
Managing Channel Conflict, 436
Dilution and Cannibalization, 438
Legal and Ethical Issues in Channel Relations, 438
E-Commerce Marketing Practices, 438
Pure-Click Companies, 439
Brick-and-Click Companies, 440
M-Commerce Marketing Practices, 441
Summary, 442
Applications, 442
Chapter 16. Managing Retailing, Wholesaling, and Logistics, 446
Retailing, 447
Types of Retailers, 448
The New Retail Environment, 451
Marketing Decisions, 453
Channels, 454
Marketing Memo: Helping Stores to Sell, 458
Private Labels, 459
Role of Private Labels, 460
Private-Label Success Factors, 460
Marketing Insight: Manufacturer’s Response to the Private Label Threat, 461
Wholesaling, 461
Trends in Wholesaling, 463
Market Logistics, 464
Integrated Logistics Systems, 464
Market-Logistics Objectives, 465
Market-Logistics Decisions, 466
Organizational Lessons, 469
Summary, 469
Applications, 470

Part 7. Communicating Value, 474

Chapter 17. Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Communications, 474

The Role of Marketing Communications, 476
The Changing Marketing Communications Environment, 476
Marketing Insight: Don’t Touch That Remote, 476
Marketing Communications, Brand Equity, and Sales, 478
The Communications Process Models, 480
Developing Effective Communications, 482
Identify the Target Audience, 482
Determine the Communications Objectives, 482
Design the Communications, 484
Marketing Insight: Celebrity Endorsements as a Strategy, 486
Select the Communications Channels, 486
Establish the Total Marketing Communications Budget, 488
Deciding on the Marketing Communications Mix, 490
Characteristics of the Marketing Communications Mix, 490
Factors in Setting the Marketing Communications Mix, 492
Measuring Communication Results, 494
Managing the Integrated Marketing Communications Process, 494
Coordinating Media, 495
Implementing IMC, 496
Marketing Memo: How Integrated Is Your IMC Program?, 496
Summary, 497
Applications, 497

Chapter 18. Managing Mass Communications: Advertising, Sales Promotions, Events and Experiences, and

Public Relations, 502
Developing and Managing an Advertising Program, 504
Setting the Objectives, 504
Deciding on the Advertising Budget, 505
Developing the Advertising Campaign, 506
Marketing Memo: Print Ad Evaluation Criteria, 509
Deciding on Media and Measuring Effectiveness, 510
Deciding on Reach, Frequency, and Impact, 511
Choosing among Major Media Types, 512
Alternate Advertising Options, 512
Marketing Insight: Playing Games with Brands, 516
Selecting Specific Media Vehicles, 516
Deciding on Media Timing and Allocation, 517
Evaluating Advertising Effectiveness, 518
Sales Promotion, 519
Objectives, 519
Advertising versus Promotion, 519
Major Decisions, 520
Events and Experiences, 524
Events Objectives, 524
Major Sponsorship Decisions, 525
Creating Experiences, 526
Marketing Memo: Measuring High Performance Sponsorship Programs, 526
Public Relations, 527
Marketing Public Relations, 527
Major Decisions in Marketing PR, 528
Summary, 530
Applications, 530

Chapter 19. Managing Personal Communications: Direct and Interactive Marketing, Word of Mouth, and

Personal Selling, 534

Direct Marketing, 535

The Benefits of Direct Marketing, 536
Direct Mail, 538
Catalog Marketing, 539
Telemarketing, 539
Other Media for Direct-Response Marketing, 539
Public and Ethical Issues in Direct Marketing, 540

Interactive Marketing, 540

Advantages and Disadvantages of Interactive Marketing, 540
Interactive Marketing Communication Options, 541
Marketing Memo: How to Maximize the Marketing Value of E-mails, 543
Marketing Memo: Segmenting Tech Users, 545
Word of Mouth, 546
Social Media, 546
Buzz and Viral Marketing, 549
Opinion Leaders, 551
Marketing Memo: How to Start a Buzz Fire, 552
Measuring the Effects of Word of Mouth, 552

Designing the Sales Force, 553
Sales Force Objectives and Strategy, 554
Sales Force Structure, 555
Marketing Insight: Major Account Management, 555
Sales Force Size, 556
Sales Force Compensation, 556
Managing the Sales Force, 556
Recruiting and Selecting Representatives, 556
Training and Supervising Sales Representatives, 557
Sales Rep Productivity, 557
Motivating Sales Representatives, 558
Evaluating Sales Representatives, 559
Principles of Personal Selling, 560
The Six Steps, 561
Relationship Marketing, 562
Summary, 562
Applications, 563

Part 8. Creating Successful Longterm Growth, 566

Chapter 20. Introducing New Market Offerings, 566

New-Product Options, 567
Make or Buy, 567
Types of New Products, 568
Challenges in New-Product Development, 568
The Innovation Imperative, 568
New-Product Success, 569
New-Product Failure, 570
Organizational Arrangements, 570
Budgeting for New-Product Development, 571
Organizing New-Product Development, 572
Managing the Development Process: Ideas, 573
Generating Ideas, 573
Marketing Memo: Ten Ways to Find Great New-Product Ideas, 574
Marketing Insight: P&G’s New Connect + Develop Approach to Innovation, 574
Marketing Memo: Seven Ways to Draw New Ideas from Your Customers, 576
Marketing Memo: How to Run a Successful Brainstorming Session, 577
Using Idea Screening, 578
Managing the Development Process: Concept to Strategy, 579
Concept Development and Testing, 579
Marketing Strategy Development, 582
Business Analysis, 583
Managing the Development Process: Development to Commercialization, 585
Product Development, 585
Market Testing, 585
Commercialization, 588
The Consumer-Adoption Process, 589
Stages in the Adoption Process, 589
Factors Influencing the Adoption Process, 589
Summary, 590
Applications, 591

Chapter 21. Tapping into Global Markets, 594

Competing on a Global Basis, 595
Deciding Whether to Go Abroad, 597
Deciding Which Markets to Enter, 597
How Many Markets to Enter, 598
Developed versus Developing Markets, 598
Marketing Insight: Spotlight on Key Developing Markets, 600
Evaluating Potential Markets, 602
Deciding How to Enter the Market, 603
Indirect and Direct Export, 603
Licensing, 604
Joint Ventures, 605
Direct Investment, 605
Deciding on the Marketing Program, 606
Global Similarities and Differences, 606
Marketing Adaptation, 607
Marketing Memo: The Ten Commandments of Global Branding, 608
Global Product Strategies, 608
Global Communication Strategies, 610
Global Pricing Strategies, 611
Global Distribution Strategies, 613
Country-of-Origin Effects, 614
Building Country Images, 614
Consumer Perceptions of Country of Origin, 614
Deciding on the Marketing Organization, 616
Export Department, 616
International Division, 616
Global Organization, 616
Summary, 617
Applications, 617

Chapter 22. Managing a Holistic Marketing Organization for the Long Run, 620

Trends in Marketing Practices, 621
Internal Marketing, 623
Organizing the Marketing Department, 623
Marketing Memo: Characteristics of Company Departments That Are Truly Customer Driven, 624
Relationships with Other Departments, 627
Building a Creative Marketing Organization, 628
Marketing Insight: The Marketing CEO, 628
Socially Responsible Marketing, 629
Corporate Social Responsibility, 630
Marketing Insight: The Rise of Organic, 633
Socially Responsible Business Models, 634
Cause-Related Marketing, 634
Marketing Memo: Making a Difference: Top 10 Tips for Cause Branding, 637
Social Marketing, 638
Marketing Implementation and Control, 640
Marketing Implementation, 640
Marketing Control, 641
Annual-Plan Control, 641
Profitability Control, 642
Efficiency Control, 642
Strategic Control, 643
The Future of Marketing, 643
Marketing Memo: Major Marketing Weaknesses, 647
Summary, 648
Applications, 648
Appendix Tools for Marketing Control, 650
Appendix: Sonic Marketing Plan, A1

Source: http://www.pearsonhighered.com/product?ISBN=9780132102926

____________________________________________________________________________

Test Bank


Free versions
http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_kotler_mm_13/  13 th edition

http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_kotler_mm_12/33/8680/2222134.cw/index.html 12th edition
http://wps.prenhall.com/bp_kotler_mm_12/33/8680/2222135.cw/index.html  12th edition

Test Bank for sale
http://www.testbanks-solutionmanuals.com/products/897/Test-Bank-for-Marketing-Management-14th-Edition-by-Kotler
For chapter 6 one can download free sample.
It is not clear whether it is an official from Pearson.


Glossary of Marketing Management
12th Edition Glossary
http://wps.prenhall.com/wps/media/objects/2170/2222134/bp_kotler_mm_12_glossary.pdf

Visit various books of Kotler on Marketing
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/kotler/

Slideshows

Chapters   1      2     3

Recommended cases for each chapter by HBS Press


Updated on 10 Jan 2015,  4 July 2014, 21 Oct 2012

Wednesday, March 9, 2016

Excerpts from the Article - Direct Marekting

Direct marketing is an interactive marketing system using advertising to effect a measurable response.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/direct-marketing.html


Direct marketing messages can be used to build relationships ex. birthday cards and information booklets.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/direct-marketing.html.


Direct marketing in US is 48% of total advertising spending, $161 billion (2005)
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/direct-marketing.html

Consumers happy with DM, report that home shopping is convenient, allows them to compare catalogues and order.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/direct-marketing.html

Direct Marketing Channels

Direct Mail
Catalog Marketing
Telemarketing
Newspaper Advertisements with offers
Radio Ads with offers
TV Ads with offers
Home shopping TV channels
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/direct-marketing.html

In Direct Marketing, a response rate of 2% is normally considered good.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/direct-marketing.html


The direct mail offer strategy has five elements - the product, the offer, the medium, the distribution method, and the creative strategy.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/direct-marketing.html

The mail itself has five components: the outside envelope, sales letter, circular, reply form, and reply envelope.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/direct-marketing.html

Direct marketers can calculate life time value of customers and campaign break-even response rate can be determined.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/direct-marketing.html

Monday, March 7, 2016

Excerpts from Article - Management of Advertising

Advertising is any paid form of nonpersonal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor (Kotler).

http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html

Fives Ms (5 Ms) of advertising.

Mission - Money - Message - Media - Measurement

Mission: the objectives of the advertisement
Money: how many needs to be spent or how much can be spent?
Message: What is the message to be sent to get the desired response?
Media: What media should be sued?
Measurement: What are the evaluation criteria for results of the advertisement?
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html


Objectives of Advertising

One classification of objectives is to inform, persuade or remind or reinforce.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html


Advertising Budget Decision - Five specific factors

Stage in the production life cycle
Market share and customer base size
Competition and clutter
Advertising frequency
Product substitutability
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html

Adaptive-control method of setting advertising budgets

Adaptive-control method of setting advertising budgets involves tests with some market segments having low, some having high, and some present level of advertising.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html

Advertising Elasticity‌

Advertising Elasticity‌, % increase in sales for % increase in advertising expenditure has to be calculated.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html


Generating advertising messages and selecting

Advertisers use four-step process to generate advertising messages and select the appropriate message.
1. Message generation
2. Message evaluation and selection
3. Message execution
4. Message social responsibility review
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html

Deciding on the Media

Media selection involves finding the most cost-effective media to deliver the desired number of exposures to the target audience.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html

Evaluating Advertising Effectiveness

Advertisers try to measure the communication effect of an advertisment - its effect on awareness, knowledge or preference and sales effect.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/advertising.html













Sunday, March 6, 2016

Excerpts from Marketing Communication: Channels and Promotion Tools:

"Marketing communications are the means by which firms attempt to inform, persuade, and remind consumers - directly, or indirectly - about the products and brands that they sell." (Kotler and Keller)
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/marketing-communication-channels-and.html


The marketing communications mix is presented as mix of eight major modes or types of communication alternatives by Kotler and Keller in the 13 Edition.
1. Advertising
2. Sales promotion
3. Events and experiences
4. Public relations and publicity
5. Direct marketing
6. Interactive marketing
7. Word-of-mouth marketing
8. Personal selling
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/marketing-communication-channels-and.html



Companies take various steps to stimulate personal communications about their products and brands.

1. They identify influential individuals and devote extra effort on them.
2. Create opinion leaders by supplying possible opinion leaders with the product on attractive terms.
3. Use influential or believable people in testimonial advertising.
4. Develop word of mouth publicity by requesting satisfied clients to promote their product among their friends.
5. Establish online discussion groups and communities
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/marketing-communication-channels-and.html



Advertising is an efficient way to reach geographically dispersed potential buyers at a low cost per exposure.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/marketing-communication-channels-and.html



Sales promotion tools like coupons, contests, premiums have a distinct invitation to the consumer to do the transaction in a short period of time.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/marketing-communication-channels-and.html



Personal selling as a communicative channel involves a live, immediate, and interactive relationship between persons.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/marketing-communication-channels-and.html


Events and Experiences are  activities that create novel interactions of consumers with product or brand.
http://nraomtr.blogspot.com/2011/12/marketing-communication-channels-and.html

Saturday, January 17, 2015

Kotler and Keller - Marketing Management -15th Edition - Book Information


Philip Kotler and Kevin Keller's Marketing Management, 15th Edition is now available. Pearson gives it publishing date 30 December 2014. Amazon gives its date as 9 January 2015



Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Part 1. Understanding Marketing Management
1. Defining Marketing for the New Realities
2. Developing Marketing Strategies and Plans

Part 2. Capturing Marketing Insights
3. Collecting Information and Forecasting Demand
4. Conducting Marketing Research

Part 3. Connecting with Customers
5. Creating Long-term Loyalty Relationships
6. Analyzing Consumer Markets
7. Analyzing Business Markets
8. Tapping into Global Markets

Part 4. Building Strong Brands
9. Identifying Market Segments and Targets
10. Crafting the Brand Positioning
11. Creating Brand Equity
12. Meeting Competition and Driving Growth

Part 5. Shaping the Market Offerings
13. Setting Product Strategy
14. Designing and Managing Services
15. Introducing New Market Offerings
16. Developing Pricing Strategies and Programs

Part 6. Delivering Value
17. Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Channels
18. Managing Retailing, Wholesaling, and Logistics

Part 7. Communicating Value
19. Designing and Managing Integrated Marketing Communications
20. Managing Digital Communications: Online, Social Media and Mobile Marketing
21. Managing Mass Communications: Advertising, Sales Promotions, Events and Experiences, and Public Relations
22. Managing Personal Communications: Direct Marketing, Word of Mouth, and Personal Selling

Part 8. Managing the Marketing Organization
23. Conducting Marketing Responsibly for Long-Term Success

http://www.amazon.com/Marketing-Management-Edition-Philip-Kotler/dp/0133856461

http://www.mypearsonstore.ca/bookstore/marketing-management-9780133856460

Monday, January 5, 2015

Brand Equity - Definition

David A. Aaker
Brand equity is a set of assets (and liabilities) linked to brand's name and symbol that adds to (or subtracts from) the value provided by a product or service to a firm and/or that firm's customers. The major asset categories aer:
1. Brand name awareness
2. Brand loyalty
3. Perceived quality
4. Brand associations
Building Strong Brands, The Free Press, New York, 1996


Brand associations are linked to a concept Brand Identity. Aaker sees brand identity as consisting of 12 dimensions organized around 4 perspectives.

Brand-as-product (product scope, product attributes, quality/value, uses, users, country of origin)
Brand-as-ogranization (organizational attributes, local versus global)
Brand-as-person (brand personality, brand-customer relationships); and
Brand-as-symbol (visual imagery/metaphors and brand heritage)


Bradz: Branz model of brand strength

Brand Resonance Model

Kevin Keller also contributed to Brand equity theory.

Original post at
http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao/brand-equity-definition/2utb2lsm2k7a/ 2076

Brand and Branding - Concept/Definition


Concept


The American Marketing Association
(quoted by Philip Kotler)

A Brand is name, term, sign, or design, or a combination of them, intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers and to differentiate them from those of competitors.

A brand is a complex symbol. It can convey up to six levels of meaning.

Attributes: The brand and the product for which it is the symbol have attributes. A brand has to convey its attributes.
Benefits: Customers buy a brand or product for benefits and not for its attributes. A brand has convey meaning in terms of benefits.
Values: The brand also says something about the producer's values.
Culture: The brand may represent a certain culture.
Personality: The brand can also project a certain presonality.
User: The brand suggests the kind of consumer who buys or uses the product

Philip Kotler, Marketing Management, 9th Ed., Prentice Hall, NJ, USA, 1997, p.443


Related Knols




Research Papers


The Reality of Brands - Towards an Ontology of Marketing
http://snc.academia.edu/WolfgangGrassl/Papers/121901/The_Reality_of_Brands_Toward_an_Ontology_of_Marketing


Brand Meaning
John F.Sherry Junior
http://www.dies.uniud.it/tl_files/utenti/crisci/Sherry%202005.pdf
In Kellogg on Branding

Originally posted on Knol

http://knol.google.com/k/narayana-rao/brand-and-branding-concept-definition/2utb2lsm2k7a/ 2080




Sunday, January 4, 2015

Use of Brand Names in Lyrics


http://articles.latimes.com/2004/aug/25/entertainment/et-kiehl25


Agenda Inc., a San Francisco-based marketing company, found that 59 brands had been mentioned 645 times in the songs that have made it onto the Billboard Top 20 chart so far in 2004.

Most brands welcome the association.

Almost all brand references in songs are there because the artist likes the brand or thinks it will help communicate a point and they are not paid for.


In India also, in film songs the brand names started appearing. Zandu balm and Fevicol are two examples.




Related Link

http://www.brandunion.com/insight/thought-piece/four-elements-great-brand-experience

Retiring Brands - Replacing Brands - Merging Brands


Ditch the name, not the customer

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2007-08-11/news/27670710_1_brand-equity-brand-owner-santander

The above article discusses the need for changing or retiring brand names and the need for evaluation of the brand and the loss of brand equity.

Wednesday, December 17, 2014

Advertising Promotion and Other Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications - Shimp and Andrews - Book Information

Advertising Promotion and Other Aspects of Integrated Marketing Communications
Terence Shimp, J. Craig Andrews
Cengage Learning, 16-Jan-2013 -  752 pages


Market-leading ADVERTISING, PROMOTION, AND OTHER ASPECTS OF INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS, 9th Edition discusses all aspects of marketing communications, from time-honored methods to the newest developments in the field. Comprehensive treatment of the fundamentals focuses on advertising and promotion, including planning, branding, media buying, sales, public relations, and much more. Emerging topics get special attention in this edition, such as the enormous popularity of social media outlets, online and digital practices, viral communications, and personal selling, along with all of their effects on traditional marketing. Revised to make ADVERTISING, PROMOTION, AND OTHER ASPECTS OF INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS, 9th Edition the most current I.M.C. text on the market, chapters address must-know changes to environmental, regulatory, and ethical issues, as well as Marcom insights, place-based applications, privacy, global marketing, and of course, memorable advertising campaigns.


Table of Contents

PART I: THE PRACTICE AND ENVIRONMENT OF INTEGRATED MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS (I.M.C.).
1. An Overview of Integrated Marketing Communications.
2. Enhancing Brand Equity and Accountability.
3. Brand Adoption, Brand Naming and Intellectual Property Issues.
4. Environmental, Regulatory and Ethical Issues.

PART II: FUNDAMENTAL I.M.C. PLANNING BACKGROUND AND DECISIONS.
5. Segmentation and Targeting in I.M.C.
6. The Communications Process and Consumer Behavior.
7. The Role of Persuasion in I.M.C.
8. I.M.C. Objective Setting and Budgeting.

PART III: ADVERTISING MANAGEMENT AND NEW MEDIA CHOICES.
9. An Overview of Advertising Management.
10. Effective and Creative Ad Messages.
11. Endorsers and Message Appeals in Advertising.
12. Traditional Ad Media.
13. Online Advertising.
14. Social Media.
15. Direct Advertising and Other Media.
16. Media Planning and Analysis.
17. Measuring Ad Message Effectiveness.

PART IV: SALES PROMOTION MANAGEMENT.
18. Sales Promotion Overview and the Role of Trade Promotion.
19. Consumer Sales Promotion: Sampling and Couponing.
20. Consumer Sales Promotion: Premiums and other Promotions.

PART V: OTHER I.M.C. TOOLS.
21. Public Relations, Buzz Marketing, and Sponsorships.
22. Packaging, POP Communications, and Signage.
23. Personal Selling.

Friday, September 12, 2014

Influencer Marketing - Becoming More Important



The rise of social media in digital media increased the importance of influencer marketiing. Influencer marketing is a textbook topic. But its importance is growing now because marketer can see the role of influencers more clearly and can also locate influncers more easily in the social media and digital media. Market research agencies can prepare lists of influncers in various product categories and provide them to marketers. Contacting influencers also is possible through online contact. Thus the cost of influencer marketing has come down.

http://www.forbes.com/sites/kylewong/2014/09/10/the-explosive-growth-of-influencer-marketing-and-what-it-means-for-you/


Influencing the influencer
How do you make him use your product, like it, use it and write about it?
http://www.forbes.com/sites/johnrampton/2014/09/06/how-to-built-an-amazing-team-of-contributing-writers-on-a-budget-of-zero/

Thursday, May 15, 2014

Marketing - A New Thought



Marketing isn’t about “pushing people’s thoughts and actions. It’s about amplification, helping what’s already happening grow faster.”  Mark Bonchek and Cara France


Marketing Can No Longer Rely on the Funnel
http://blogs.hbr.org/2014/05/marketing-can-no-longer-rely-on-the-funnel/
7 May 2014

Yes, Marketing first finds out what customers need and participates in new product development. As the product is introduced in the market, it finds out whether the customer has accepted the product and whether now the need became a want for the product supplied by the company. In this exercise, marketing will determine which products will have a marketing communication push. So marketing does push people's thoughts. But if people accept a product, it amplifies the demand through marketing communications and making more people aware of the product, its features and benefits. Marketing also creates the marketing channels. 

Friday, April 18, 2014

Marketing Communications in Digital Media



In digital media creative is only beginning. Once, it is posted in the digital media, the conversation begins with comments. How the communicators behave in response is important in digital media. One has to talk to digital media public and engage them in conversation.

Consumers are happy to look at hoarding. They expect only ads.  But on digital media, they are not coming mainly to see ads. They are present on the digital media for conversation and information.

A discussion with Karthik Krishnan - ibs ( Confession box - Lost in Translation)
Brand Equity, 16 April, 2014

Monday, May 13, 2013

"Outside-in" Thinking - Prof. Ranjay Gulati


Ranjay Gulati is the Jaime and Josefina Chua Tiampo Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School.


Companies with an outside-in perspective aim to provide solutions for customers. Those with an inside-out orientation, on the other hand, just focus on products, sales, and the organization.

Customer-centric companies tracked by Gulati between 2001 and 2007 delivered shareholder returns of 150 percent while the S&P 500 delivered 14 percent.

To develop an outside-in orientation, it is essential to translate awareness of a customer issue or problem into action toward solving it and provide the solution to the customer.

Ranjay Gulati:  "I naively assumed that all firms must indeed have an outside-in orientation whereby they put their customers first in all their decisions and actions." After all, that is what business is about and marketing texts and courses promoted it .  But Gulati says "Much to my surprise, I found that this was the exception rather than the rule for most businesses."

More Reading on the Concept and Ranjay Gulati

http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/6201.html

http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2012-03-02/news/31116805_1_new-guru-customer-gulati

http://www.h-ym.com/articles/Inside%20Outside-In%20WP.pdf

http://blogs.hbr.org/hbsfaculty/2010/04/inside-best-buys-customer-cent.html

Silobusting - Ranjay Gulati
http://hbr.org/2007/05/silo-busting-how-to-execute-on-the-promise-of-customer-focus/ar/1

"From Inside-out to Outside in thinking" by Ranjay Gulati, HBS professor in Economic Times Corporate Dossier of 10 May 2013

Video
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/careers/video-high-growth-requires-customer-first-thinking/article549998/

Transcript of the video
http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/transcript-high-growth-requires-customer-first-thinking/article4171789/

Thursday, December 20, 2012

How to Respond to Price Attack by Aggressive Competitor?





1. Estimate the sales loss and profit loss that would be suffered by the company if price is reduced to maintain the market share.

2. Find out response alternatives and see if any alternative would lower sales and profit sales.

3. Assess, if you reduce the price, whether competitor will reduce the price further to capture his market share target. (This requires assessment of cost data of competitors and see whether competitors can still reduce price).

4. Think of multiple responses that protect higher price and margin sales.

5. If competitor is attacking in a particular market, assess its effect on the geographies and other product markets.



How to manage an aggressive competitor
George E. Cressman, Jr.
Senior Pricer and Director, Strategic Pricing Group, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
Thomas T. Nagle
Chairman, Strategic Pricing Group, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
(www.strategicpricinggroup.com)

Business Horizons / March-April 2002, Pp.23-30

Business Marketing Management
Michael D. Hutt and Thomas W. Speh
2012
http://books.google.co.in/books?id=8lMAWJXtf6QC


Thursday, October 25, 2012

Design for Brand or Design for Branding




Construction of a Design for Brand Perspective
http://www.fy.chalmers.se/m/ppd/nordplm06/proceedings/175-186%20Mark%20Lange.pdf

http://www.soyadesign.co.uk/product_design.html



Strike Up The Brand: How to Design for Branding - Google Tech Talk ________________________

________________________


Determining How Design Affects Branding

BY JARED M. SPOOL
Originally published: Feb 11, 2002
http://www.uie.com/articles/design_and_branding/

Wednesday, August 1, 2012

Use of London Olympics for Advertising, Business and Marketing


http://www.london2012.com/business/advertising-and-trading-regulations/

Olympics for Marketing - Concept, Issues and Challenges - Articles


Using Olympics for Marketing - CIM Note
http://www.cim.co.uk/filestore/resources/factfiles/marketingtheolympics.pdf

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-18182541


http://www.thetourismbusiness.com/documents/HospitalityReview.pdf


Brand Republic Olympics 2012 Marketing Related Articles
http://www.brandrepublic.com/go/olympics2012/



Best Olympic Marketing Campaign Selections

Three campaigns that deserve medals - Forbes.com sites 30.7.2012
http://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffbercovici/2012/07/30/marketing-at-the-london-olympics-three-advertisers-who-deserve-medals/


Interesting Olympic Ads - British Airways, P&G and Visa - 15.7.2012
http://www.forbes.com/sites/robschwartz/2012/07/15/olympic-ads-with-metal-potential/



Individual Company Olympic Marketing Campaigns

Cadbury's Campaign
http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2010/aug/02/cadbury-ads-2012-olympics



Coca-Cola
http://www.4-traders.com/THE-COCA-COLA-COMPANY-4819/news/The-Coca-Cola-Company-Global-Ads-for-London-2012-Olympic-Games-14024636/

________________

________________

More videos of Coca-Cola Move to the beat campaign

http://www.coca-cola.co.uk/olympic-games/coca-colas-song-for-london-2012-mark-ronson-katy-b.html


McDonalds
We all make the games.
http://www.thedrum.co.uk/news/2012/06/28/mcdonalds-reveals-marketing-plans-during-london-2012-olympics-we-all-make-games

Procter and Gamble
http://www.daytondailynews.com/business/p-g-launches-olympic-advertising-blitz--1404904.html
http://www.boston.com/business/news/2012/07/13/olympics-near-ramps-marketing-effort/IjC7T6o5XOUE0Wfx4T7lnM/story.html


Wall Street Journal

How WSJ beat NBC's Olympic coverage embargo
http://mashable.com/2012/07/30/wall-street-journal-nbc-olympics/




London Olympics and B Schools
http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-05-18/the-b-school-olympics


London Media Centre Articles
http://londonmediacentre.synapticdigital.com/Latest-Stories/Business/global-business-leaders-unite-to-promote-british-expertise-during-london-2012/s/64b3fd7b-0d50-4221-b724-2e49ae6d423d

Saturday, July 14, 2012

Principles of Marketing - Kotler, Armstrong, Cunnigham - Book Information - Part 2

Publisher Pearson

Powerpoint slides and Flash Card sets are provided by Pearson to help students in learning process.
Video shorts exercises are very interesting, Watch video, learn and answer questions. Interesting.

For Chapters 1 to 10 visit Part 1
______________


Chapter 11: New-Product Development and Product Life-Cycle Strategies
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______________


Chapter 12: Pricing
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______________

Chapter 13: Marketing Channels and Supply Chain Management
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Chapter 14: Retailing and Wholesaling
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Chapter 15: Integrated Marketing Communication Strategy
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Navigation frame for Chapter 16: Advertising, Sales Promotion, and Public Relations
Chapter 16: Advertising, Sales Promotion, and Public Relations
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Chapter 17: Personal Selling and Direct Marketing
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Chapter 18: The Global Marketplace
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http://wps.prenhall.com/ca_ph_kotler_pom_6/22/5827/1491858.cw/index.html