Pfeffer (1981) defined organizational politics as: “activities taken
within organizations to acquire, develop, and use power and other
resources to obtain one‟s preferred outcomes in a situation in which
there is uncertainty or dis-sensus about choices”
Kurchner-Hawkins
and Miller (2006) considered organizational politics as "an exercise of
power and influence that primarily occurs outside of formal
organizational processes and procedures.Political behaviors consist of
influence tactics designed to further self and/or organizational
interests, and its basic aim is to reconcile and effectively manage such
potentially competing interests"
Politics in organization and its perception within organization
http://oss.sagepub.com/content/9/2/165.abstract
A synthesis of literature on organizational politics
Sami Ullah, Abu Rashid Jafri, Muhammed Khyber Bin Dost
Far East Journal of Psychology and Business
Vol 3, No 3, 2011
http://www.fareastjournals.com/files/FEJPBV3N3P3.pdf
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