Political Party Marketing - Understanding the Needs and Desires of People

Management of Political Party Article  Series

Benefit of Political Marketing Campaigns during Elections

Political Marketing Campaign can create Want for a Political Party and Its Manifesto.

But in cannot create need for the political party and its manifesto.

Marketing efforts convert the existing need in the people into want for the product or brand a firm is offering. But marketers cannot create need for a company product. Unless people have a need for the issues promised through the manifesto, marketing campaigns by strategists will not yield results.

Importance of Desires and Needs of People

Political parties in a democracy exist to reflect the desires and needs of people. An individual or group of persons should try to form a political party only when they have the intention to represent the people in the legislature and administrative wings of a state.

Before the party is formed as well as when the party is in power, political party has to carry out marketing. It has to know what people want and desire.

In a democracy, wherein political parties are not adequately connected to people, there will be frustration among people. There will be agitation to change the system whenever majority of the people feel frustrated with the system.

Every political party member is to be entrusted the work of meeting around 50 persons every year to know people, keep the channels of contact open and ascertain the desires and needs of people. Print based newspapers and periodicals were available and were used to some extent by political parties.

Information technology based systems now can be put in place to leverage the basic personal contact established by primary members of the party.

Political Parties and the Internet: Net Gain

www.amazon.com/Political-Parties-Internet-Net-Gain/dp/041528273X

The web sites of political parties can be used to ascertain the popular opinion on various issues. Various TV channels are employing this method. But are political parties employing the technique? Each and every politician needs to put up a voting facility  on his website for his constituency people for each piece of legislation on which he has to vote in the legislature. He has to ascertain first desire of his people and if there is a marginal difference he may call for a public meeting to explain his reasoning. But if a overwhelming majority gives an opinion, he has to honor the opinion even if he is personally against it.

Can visitors cite any legislator who follows the practice of asking his constituency people to vote on pending legislations?

Behavioral Segmentation of Potential Voters

Kotler in his discussion of behavioral segmentation includes segmentation based on attitude. In attitude based segmentation, five groups are identified for a product or service in a market. The five groups of people are enthusiastic, positive, indifferent, negative, and hostile. Door-to-door political campaigners change their canvassing approach according to the attitude of the voter. Enthusiastic voters are thanked and will be asked to vote without fail. Reinforcement is done for positive voters. Efforts are made to win over indifferent voters. They do not spend time with voters with negative and hostile attitude to the party and the candidate. Party has to undertake its marketing and communication activities to see that negative and hostile voters with respect to their party are in a minority at the start of the election campaign. Then only their team can hope to effectively canvass for victory.

Resistance to Political Marketing

An Empirical Test of a Model of Resistance to Political Marketing
Samer Elhajjar
2018

The findings show that skepticism, cynicism, frustration, and dissatisfaction have an impact on resistance to political marketing campaigns.
http://jmm-net.com/journals/jmm/Vol_6_No_1_June_2018/7.pdf

SMS Marketing: Winning Strategy in Political Campaign?
https://www.mobisofttech.co.in/blogpost/sms-marketing-winning-strategy-in-political-campaign-/

Political Marketing: Principles and Applications
3rd Edition
Jennifer Lees-Marshment, Brian Conley, Edward Elder, Robin Pettitt, Vincent Raynauld, André Turcotte
Routledge
May 27, 2019 Forthcoming
Textbook - 272 Pages - 11 B/W Illustrations
https://www.crcpress.com/Political-Marketing-Principles-and-Applications/Lees-Marshment-Conley-Elder-Pettitt-Raynauld-Turcotte/p/book/9780815353225

From Cakewalk to Contest: India’s 2019 General Election
MILAN VAISHNAV
APRIL 16, 2018

Summary:  Although the intricacies of the upcoming race—such as the selection of candidates and the rhetoric of campaigns—remain unknown one year out, underlying structural conditions suggest far rockier terrain may lie ahead.
https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/04/16/from-cakewalk-to-contest-india-s-2019-general-election-pub-76084

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Political Market Planning Activities

Market position analysis
Determining how voters perceive the party and candidates

Objective setting
Determining the issues which will be highlighted for competing.

Strategic alternative analysis
Selection of segments in the electorate and messages for these segments

Strategy implementation
Allocation of resources


Monitoring and control
Mid-term analysis and post-election analysis

Source: The Political Marketing Planning Process: Improving Image and Message in Strategic Target Areas
Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 2002
http://phil-harris.com/wp-content/uploads/p6.pdf

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Books

The idea of political marketing By Nicholas J. O'Shaughnessy, Stephan C. M. Henneberg, 2002

http://books.google.co.in/books?id=cG3fttL2LdcC

Political marketing and British political parties: the party's just begun By Jennifer Lees-Marshment

http://books.google.co.in/books?id=U7DnfqMdmUYC

Current Issues in Political Marketing By Walter W. Wymer, Jennifer Lees-Marshment, 2006

http://books.google.co.in/books?id=Ytjmjrdg0aUC

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Interesting Web Sites and Blogs

http://grandcentralpolitical.com/

Grand Central Political, a website connecting people working in politics and political media directly with politicians, campaigns, public relations firms, and media outlets looking for both experts and new talent. The firm serves the USA, Canada, UK and France.

Located through the knol Rachel Marsden.

http://barrylando.blogspot.com

New Related to Political Party Marketing Activities
http://www.brandrepublic.com/go/political_parties/

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Related Knols

Links to be changed to Blog posts

The Marketing Concept - Kotler

Online Marketing - Introduction.

International Day Democracy - 15th September

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More Articles and Papers

Research Papers

Utilizing Political Ideologies To Market A Political Candidate

Shermichael V. Singleton, Morehouse College, USA

Andrew Honeycutt, Shorter University, USA

Journal of Business & Economics Research – January 2012 Volume 10, Number 1

http://nraomrp.blogspot.com/2013/07/utilizing-political-ideologies-to.html

Towards a Marketing Communications Model for Small Political Parties - 2011 paper

Political Party Branding - Liberals vs. Conservatives 2011 Election

Politics as a branch of marketing - 2011 article

Comparative Advertising: Strategy in U.S. House Elections

Conference Paper, 2011

http://uga.academia.edu/JackCollens/Papers/447214/Comparative_Advertising_Strategy_In_US_House_Elections

Political Advertising in Democratic Taiwan
Audiences’ Perspectives on Political Figures through Image-Building Advertisements
http://www.tfd.org.tw/docs/dj0401/113-134-Norman%20Peng.pdf


The political marketing planning process: improving image and message in strategic target areas
2002 paper
http://nraomrp.blogspot.com/2013/07/the-political-marketing-planning.html

Political marketing – vive la différence!

Andrew Lock and Phil Harris

Faculty of Management and Business,

The Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK

European Journal of Marketing,

Vol. 30 No. 10/11, 1996, pp. 14-24.

http://nraomrp.blogspot.com/2013/07/political-marketing-vive-la-difference.html

Articles

2018 - 2019

Rise of digital politics: why UK parties spend big on Facebook

Online advertising is an effective way to get messages across, but the strategy must be smart
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/23/facebook-digital-politics-tories-labour-online-advertising-marketing

Instagram is the new hit among political parties as they try to engage millennials
Not just national political parties, but even regional parties like the Shiv Sena have taken to the platform to engage younger audiences.
By Venkat Ananth, ET
https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/instagram-is-the-new-hit-among-political-parties-as-they-try-to-engage-millennials/articleshow/67223688.cms

Influencer Marketing: The Future of Online Digital Political Campaigns
August 4, 2018
https://www.digitalndigital.com/influencer-marketing-future-online-digital-political-campaigns/


Syllabus
https://www.vesalius.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/CMM254G-Su18.pdf

What Brands Can Learn from Political Advertising
By Guest Author, Published on Feb 5, 2019,
http://www.adageindia.in/advertising/what-brands-can-learn-from-political-advertising/articleshow/67836398.cms

An Empirical Test of a Model of Resistance to Political Marketing

Samer Elhajjar

2018

The findings show that skepticism, cynicism, frustration, and dissatisfaction have an impact on resistance to political marketing campaigns.

http://jmm-net.com/journals/jmm/Vol_6_No_1_June_2018/7.pdf

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News Related to Political Party Marketing Activities

12 August 2010

Tories posted a you tube video blaming the earlier labor administration for spending cuts.
http://www.brandrepublic.com/news/1021862/tories-go-digital-film-attacking-labours-legacy/

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Youtube Channel Conservative Party UK

https://www.youtube.com/user/webcameronuk

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15th July 2010
Australian labour  Party commissioned a social media platform.
http://www.brandrepublic.com/from_the_web/1016427/gillard-launches-alps-social-media-platform/



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Updated on 17 March 2019, 20 July 2013

Originally posted on Knol
Knol Number 670, Traffic rank 105

12 March Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

Use in U.S. of steam engine
1755 -  A steam engine was first reported used in America, at a copper mine in New Barbados Neck (now North Arlington), NJ. It was imported from England by Josiah Hornblower and was used to pumpwater from the mine.

Coca-Cola
In 1894, the first bottles of Coca-Cola were sold. Coca-Cola was invented by Dr. John Pemberton, an Atlanta pharmacist who created the formula in a three legged brass kettle  on 8 May 1886.

Camera rocket patent
In 1907, a U.S. patent for a camera-carrying rocket parachute landing device was issued to Alfred Maul, an engineer of Dresden, Germany, with the title “Rocket Apparatus” (No. 847,198).

WorldWideWeb (WWW)
1989
Sir Tim Berners-Lee submitted his proposal titled “Information Management: A Proposal,”  on this day in 1989.  Initially, Berners-Lee envisioned "a large hypertext database with typed links,"named  “Mesh,” to help his colleagues at CERN (a large nuclear physics laboratory in Switzerland) share information amongst multiple computers.

Berners-Lee’s boss allowed him time to develop the  working model, writing the HTML language, the HTTP application, and WorldWideWeb.app— the first Web browser and page editor. By 1991, the external Web servers were up and running.

The Web revolutionized life as we know it, ushering in the information age. Today, there are nearly 2 billion websites online.

Internet,  had been evolving since the 1960s.  The World Wide Web is an online application built upon innovations like HTML language, URL “addresses,” and hypertext transfer protocol, or HTTP. The Web has  become a decentralized community, founded on principles of universality, consensus, and bottom-up design.
https://www.google.com/doodles/30th-anniversary-of-the-world-wide-web

Birthdays


 Leo Esaki
1925.
Japanese physicist. He shared (with Ivar Giaever and Brian Josephson) the Nobel Prize in Physics (1973) in recognition of his pioneering work on electron tunneling in solids.

Robert E. Gottschalk
1918
American inventor and business executive who was president of Panavision Inc., a company he helped found in 1953, to create a wide-screen film movie process.

Charles Friedel
1832
French organic chemist  who, with the American chemist James Mason Crafts, discovered in 1877 the chemical process known as the Friedel-Crafts reaction.
http://iit-jee-chemistry.blogspot.com/2007/10/study-guide-tmh-jee-ch24-benzene.html

 Gustav Robert Kirchhoff
1824
German physicist who, with Robert Bunsen, established the theory of spectrum analysis (a technique for chemical analysis by analyzing the light emitted by a heated material).

Kirchhoff's laws (1845): He extended  Ohm's law to the calculation of the currents, voltages, and resistances of electrical networks. He demonstrated that current flows in a zero-resistance conductor at the speed of light.
Concept Review Ch.32 Electric Current in Conductors
http://iit-jee-physics.blogspot.com/2008/03/concept-review-ch32-electric-current-in.html



Management Articles for Revision


Marketing Strategies for Challenger Firms

Competitive Strategies for Followers and Nichers


Science, Engineering and Management Knowledge History of the Day - Index for the Year

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Updated on 12 March 2019,  12 March 2016




Social Science Knowledge Center

1 July Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

Birthdays
1 July 1946  Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz

1 July 1929  Gerald Maurice Edelman - Nobel Prize in Medicine - 1972
          http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/edelman-lecture.html       
          http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/edelman-speech.html
          http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/edelman-bio.html
          http://www.abc.net.au/radionational/programs/allinthemind/nobel-laureate-gerald-edelman-on-consciousness/2989818  - 2011 interview

1 July 1941 Alfred G. Gilman - Nobel Prize in Medicine

1 July 1941 Myron Samuel Scholes - Noble Prize in Economics - Black-Scholes Model of Option Pricing


Discoveries


Inventions


Development and Commecialization

1 July 1910 First completely automatic bread baking plant was opened by the Ward Baking Company of Chicago, USA.

1 July 1934 First X-Ray of the whole body was taken

1 July 1967 BBC2 started colour television broadcasting


USA Space Center
On July 1, 1962, the space center — then known as Launch Operations Center — was officially acknowledged as an operating spaceflight center. The named was changed to the John F. Kennedy Space Center after President Kennedy’s death in 1963.
50th Anniversary Activities on 1 July 2012
http://blogs.orlandosentinel.com/features_orlando/2012/06/kennedy-space-center-50th-anniversary-activities-set-for-sunday.html


http://todayinsci.com/7/7_01.htm
http://www.todayinsci.com/7/7_01.htm#event


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11 December Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

2010 - The world's first customer delivery of a Nissan Leaf all-electric vehicle was made  at Petaluma, California.



Birthdays

1882 -  Max Born - 1954 Nobel Prize in Physics for his "fundamental research in Quantum Mechanics, especially in the statistical interpretation of the wave function".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Born

A popular book by Max Born - Restless Universe  https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.222004

1925 - Paul Greengard - American neurologist - awarded 2000 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine -  for  discoveries concerning how drugs affect the brain and recognizing drug addiction as a brain disease
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2000/greengard-lecture.html








Management Revision

Leading - Global Management Challenges

The System and Process of Controlling - Review Notes


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11 December 2017 - Registered 2.3 million cumulative page views.


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Updated 11 December 2017, 29 November 2012

12 December Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

1957 - The first total artificial heart implantation in an animal - It kept a dog alive for 90 minutes in a pioneering experiment at the Cleveland Clinic by Dr. Willem Kolff and Dr. Tetuzo Akutsu.


Birthdays


1866 -   Alfred Werner - Swiss chemist - research into the structure of coordination compounds -  the 1913 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. He demonstrated that stereochemistry exists in compounds other than that of carbon also.
Stereochemistry - Introduction
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1913/werner-bio.html 
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1913/werner-lecture.html


1918 - Igor Ansoff - Did doctorate in applied mathematics. After working in various organizations, in 1957 Igor left Rand to join the Corporate Planning Department of the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. His experience at Lockheed focused his attention on the problem of managing organizations in the face of environmental changes.  He shifted to teaching and joined  Graduate School of Industrial Administration at the Carnegie-Mellon University. He published his book, Corporate Strategy in 1965 and  itwas an immediate success.

In 1969 he accepted a position as Founding Dean of the new Owen Graduate School of Management at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. He introduced  specialization  in educating change agents, a type of manager  not produced by any U.S. school of business at that time.

He served as Professor of Industrial Administration in the Graduate School at Carnegie Mellon University (1963–1968); Founding Dean and Professor of Management at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (1968–1973); professor at the European Institute for Advanced Studies in Management, Brussels, Belgium (1973–1975); Distinguished Justin Potter Professor of Free American Enterprise, Graduate School of Management, Vanderbilt University (1973–1976); Professor, Stockholm School of Economics, Stockholm, Sweden (1976–1983), and Professor, United States International University, San Diego, California (1984–2001).

He died  in San Diego, California, on July 14, 2002.

1927 -   Robert Noyce - American engineer and inventor - He along with Jack Kilby invented the integrated circuit. He held sixteen patents for semiconductor devices, methods, and structures. In 1968, he and Gordon E. Moore founded N.M. Electronics. It was later renamed Intel Corporation. Noyce was  Intel's president and chairman during 1968-75, then served as vice chairman until 1979.
http://www.invent.org/hall_of_fame/113.html

1939 - Michael Gazzaniga - American neuroscientist - He studied how the brain enables humans to perform those advanced mental functions that are generally associated with what we call the mind. In over four decades of split-brain research he has explained the separate and highly specialized functions and abilities of each hemisphere. Gazzaniga also described how the brain facilitates such higher cognitive functions as remembering, speaking, interpreting, and making judgments. His most recent research deals with  comparison of  normal brains with  those having a mental disorders such as schizophrenia.



Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

December 11  - December 13

Productivity Science

Productivity Engineering

AUTOMATIC LATHE AVAILABLE “INDUSTRY 4.0-READY”

The new generation of Index’s ABC automatic lathe

The motorized 27-kW, 6,000-rpm spindle can generate up to 95 Nm of torque.

The  automatic lathe is designed for turning simple to moderately complex parts in cycle times as much as 15 percent faster than the previous generation, with rapid spindle acceleration (8 G), shorter spindle ramp-up times, higher rapid traverse rates and quick chip-to-chip times. Ideal for runs ranging
from 5,000 to 50,000 parts in the 42- to 60-mm range, the machine’s combination of features
supports a very low production cost per piece, even for complex parts,

The lathe is equipped with an 18.5" touchscreen, IndexC200-2D CNC and the company’s Xpanel
i4.0 operating system. Xpanel makes the machine “Industry 4.0-ready,”

Modern Machine Shop, January  2017, p. 130

Productivity Management

Productivity 

Productivity Science

Productivity Engineering

Productivity Management

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Control Techniques and Information Technology

Productivity Control

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Updated 12 December 2017, 29 November 2012

Knowledge History of The Day - Index of the Year

January


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The information presently available: Birthdays of scientists, engineers, and management scholars.
Patent issues and events, and news

Bibliography - Knowledge History

Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management - Resources

Introduction to the history of science - Walter Libby
   Google Book link http://books.google.co.in/books?id=D3BcUjGYivUC

History of Science - George Sarton - 5 Volumes
One volume available on Archive.org

Prof. Narayana Rao  Science Blogs

Engineering Blogs

Management Blogs

Management Theory Review


Updated 11 December 2017, 15 May 2014

December - Knowledge History - Science, Engineering and Management

Date Wise Knowledge History


December


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21       22     23    24      25     26    27    28      29     30

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Knowledge History of the Day - Index for the Year

Management Theory Review Blog
Management Knowledge Center
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Science Knowledge Center
Social Science Knowledge Center

Einstein's Quest for Unified Theory
http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200512/history.cfm


Updated 11 December 2017, 1 July 2012